diff --git a/docs/source/en/package_reference/hf_api.md b/docs/source/en/package_reference/hf_api.md
index c82e17f7c6..7ed523e22b 100644
--- a/docs/source/en/package_reference/hf_api.md
+++ b/docs/source/en/package_reference/hf_api.md
@@ -57,6 +57,10 @@ models = hf_api.list_models()
 
 [[autodoc]] huggingface_hub.hf_api.GitRefs
 
+### InferenceProviderMapping
+
+[[autodoc]] huggingface_hub.hf_api.InferenceProviderMapping
+
 ### LFSFileInfo
 
 [[autodoc]] huggingface_hub.hf_api.LFSFileInfo
diff --git a/src/huggingface_hub/hf_api.py b/src/huggingface_hub/hf_api.py
index a994915244..77581adee6 100644
--- a/src/huggingface_hub/hf_api.py
+++ b/src/huggingface_hub/hf_api.py
@@ -103,6 +103,7 @@
     RevisionNotFoundError,
 )
 from .file_download import HfFileMetadata, get_hf_file_metadata, hf_hub_url
+from .inference._providers import PROVIDER_T
 from .repocard_data import DatasetCardData, ModelCardData, SpaceCardData
 from .utils import (
     DEFAULT_IGNORE_PATTERNS,
@@ -708,13 +709,15 @@ def __init__(self, **kwargs):
 
 @dataclass
 class InferenceProviderMapping:
-    status: Literal["live", "staging"]
+    provider: str
     provider_id: str
+    status: Literal["live", "staging"]
     task: str
 
     def __init__(self, **kwargs):
-        self.status = kwargs.pop("status")
+        self.provider = kwargs.pop("provider")
         self.provider_id = kwargs.pop("providerId")
+        self.status = kwargs.pop("status")
         self.task = kwargs.pop("task")
         self.__dict__.update(**kwargs)
 
@@ -757,12 +760,10 @@ class ModelInfo:
             If so, whether there is manual or automatic approval.
         gguf (`Dict`, *optional*):
             GGUF information of the model.
-        inference (`Literal["cold", "frozen", "warm"]`, *optional*):
-            Status of the model on the inference API.
-            Warm models are available for immediate use. Cold models will be loaded on first inference call.
-            Frozen models are not available in Inference API.
-        inference_provider_mapping (`Dict`, *optional*):
-            Model's inference provider mapping.
+        inference (`Literal["warm"]`, *optional*):
+            Status of the model on Inference Providers. Warm if the model is served by at least one provider.
+        inference_provider_mapping (`List[InferenceProviderMapping]`, *optional*):
+            A list of [`InferenceProviderMapping`] ordered after the user's provider order.
         likes (`int`):
             Number of likes of the model.
         library_name (`str`, *optional*):
@@ -807,8 +808,8 @@ class ModelInfo:
     downloads_all_time: Optional[int]
     gated: Optional[Literal["auto", "manual", False]]
     gguf: Optional[Dict]
-    inference: Optional[Literal["warm", "cold", "frozen"]]
-    inference_provider_mapping: Optional[Dict[str, InferenceProviderMapping]]
+    inference: Optional[Literal["warm"]]
+    inference_provider_mapping: Optional[List[InferenceProviderMapping]]
     likes: Optional[int]
     library_name: Optional[str]
     tags: Optional[List[str]]
@@ -846,10 +847,9 @@ def __init__(self, **kwargs):
         self.inference = kwargs.pop("inference", None)
         self.inference_provider_mapping = kwargs.pop("inferenceProviderMapping", None)
         if self.inference_provider_mapping:
-            self.inference_provider_mapping = {
-                provider: InferenceProviderMapping(**value)
-                for provider, value in self.inference_provider_mapping.items()
-            }
+            self.inference_provider_mapping = [
+                InferenceProviderMapping(**value) for value in self.inference_provider_mapping
+            ]
 
         self.tags = kwargs.pop("tags", None)
         self.pipeline_tag = kwargs.pop("pipeline_tag", None)
@@ -1816,7 +1816,8 @@ def list_models(
         filter: Union[str, Iterable[str], None] = None,
         author: Optional[str] = None,
         gated: Optional[bool] = None,
-        inference: Optional[Literal["cold", "frozen", "warm"]] = None,
+        inference: Optional[Literal["warm"]] = None,
+        inference_provider: Optional[Union[Literal["all"], PROVIDER_T, List[PROVIDER_T]]] = None,
         library: Optional[Union[str, List[str]]] = None,
         language: Optional[Union[str, List[str]]] = None,
         model_name: Optional[str] = None,
@@ -1850,10 +1851,11 @@ def list_models(
                 A boolean to filter models on the Hub that are gated or not. By default, all models are returned.
                 If `gated=True` is passed, only gated models are returned.
                 If `gated=False` is passed, only non-gated models are returned.
-            inference (`Literal["cold", "frozen", "warm"]`, *optional*):
-                A string to filter models on the Hub by their state on the Inference API.
-                Warm models are available for immediate use. Cold models will be loaded on first inference call.
-                Frozen models are not available in Inference API.
+            inference (`Literal["warm"]`, *optional*):
+                If "warm", filter models on the Hub currently served by at least one provider.
+            inference_provider (`Literal["all"]` or `str`, *optional*):
+                A string to filter models on the Hub that are served by a specific provider.
+                Pass `"all"` to get all models served by at least one provider.
             library (`str` or `List`, *optional*):
                 A string or list of strings of foundational libraries models were
                 originally trained from, such as pytorch, tensorflow, or allennlp.
@@ -1943,6 +1945,9 @@ def list_models(
         # List all models with "bert" in their name made by google
         >>> api.list_models(search="bert", author="google")
         ```
+
+        # List all models served by Cohere
+        >>> api.list_models(inference_provider="cohere")
         """
         if expand and (full or cardData or fetch_config):
             raise ValueError("`expand` cannot be used if `full`, `cardData` or `fetch_config` are passed.")
@@ -1983,6 +1988,8 @@ def list_models(
             params["gated"] = gated
         if inference is not None:
             params["inference"] = inference
+        if inference_provider is not None:
+            params["inference_provider"] = inference_provider
         if pipeline_tag:
             params["pipeline_tag"] = pipeline_tag
         search_list = []
diff --git a/src/huggingface_hub/inference/_providers/_common.py b/src/huggingface_hub/inference/_providers/_common.py
index d59f3f859c..d012464c76 100644
--- a/src/huggingface_hub/inference/_providers/_common.py
+++ b/src/huggingface_hub/inference/_providers/_common.py
@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 from functools import lru_cache
-from typing import Any, Dict, Optional, Union
+from typing import TYPE_CHECKING, Any, Dict, List, Optional, Union
 
 from huggingface_hub import constants
 from huggingface_hub.inference._common import RequestParameters
@@ -8,6 +8,9 @@
 
 logger = logging.get_logger(__name__)
 
+if TYPE_CHECKING:
+    from huggingface_hub.hf_api import InferenceProviderMapping
+
 
 # Dev purposes only.
 # If you want to try to run inference for a new model locally before it's registered on huggingface.co
@@ -118,7 +121,14 @@ def _prepare_mapped_model(self, model: Optional[str]) -> str:
         if HARDCODED_MODEL_ID_MAPPING.get(self.provider, {}).get(model):
             return HARDCODED_MODEL_ID_MAPPING[self.provider][model]
 
-        provider_mapping = _fetch_inference_provider_mapping(model).get(self.provider)
+        provider_mapping = next(
+            (
+                provider_mapping
+                for provider_mapping in _fetch_inference_provider_mapping(model)
+                if provider_mapping.provider == self.provider
+            ),
+            None,
+        )
         if provider_mapping is None:
             raise ValueError(f"Model {model} is not supported by provider {self.provider}.")
 
@@ -220,7 +230,7 @@ def _prepare_payload_as_dict(self, inputs: Any, parameters: Dict, mapped_model:
 
 
 @lru_cache(maxsize=None)
-def _fetch_inference_provider_mapping(model: str) -> Dict:
+def _fetch_inference_provider_mapping(model: str) -> List["InferenceProviderMapping"]:
     """
     Fetch provider mappings for a model from the Hub.
     """
diff --git a/tests/test_hf_api.py b/tests/test_hf_api.py
index 4a2f5f3a1c..8e0b89623e 100644
--- a/tests/test_hf_api.py
+++ b/tests/test_hf_api.py
@@ -2314,6 +2314,18 @@ def test_filter_models_with_card_data(self):
         models = self._api.list_models(filter="co2_eq_emissions")
         assert all(model.card_data is None for model in models)
 
+    def test_filter_models_by_inference_provider(self):
+        models = list(
+            self._api.list_models(inference_provider="hf-inference", expand=["inferenceProviderMapping"], limit=10)
+        )
+        assert len(models) > 0
+        for model in models:
+            assert model.inference_provider_mapping is not None
+            assert any(mapping.provider == "hf-inference" for mapping in model.inference_provider_mapping)
+
+        models = self._api.list_models(filter="co2_eq_emissions")
+        assert all(model.card_data is None for model in models)
+
     def test_is_emission_within_threshold(self):
         # tests that dictionary is handled correctly as "emissions" and that
         # 17g is accepted and parsed correctly as a value
diff --git a/tests/test_inference_providers.py b/tests/test_inference_providers.py
index 67a3033840..3765c60a05 100644
--- a/tests/test_inference_providers.py
+++ b/tests/test_inference_providers.py
@@ -76,7 +76,9 @@ def test_prepare_mapped_model(self, mocker, caplog: LogCaptureFixture):
         # Test unsupported model
         mocker.patch(
             "huggingface_hub.inference._providers._common._fetch_inference_provider_mapping",
-            return_value={"other-provider": "mapping"},
+            return_value=[
+                mocker.Mock(provider="other-provider", task="task-name", provider_id="mapped-id", status="active")
+            ],
         )
         with pytest.raises(ValueError, match="Model test-model is not supported.*"):
             helper._prepare_mapped_model("test-model")
@@ -84,7 +86,9 @@ def test_prepare_mapped_model(self, mocker, caplog: LogCaptureFixture):
         # Test task mismatch
         mocker.patch(
             "huggingface_hub.inference._providers._common._fetch_inference_provider_mapping",
-            return_value={"provider-name": mocker.Mock(task="other-task", provider_id="mapped-id", status="active")},
+            return_value=[
+                mocker.Mock(provider="provider-name", task="other-task", provider_id="mapped-id", status="active")
+            ],
         )
         with pytest.raises(ValueError, match="Model test-model is not supported for task.*"):
             helper._prepare_mapped_model("test-model")
@@ -92,7 +96,9 @@ def test_prepare_mapped_model(self, mocker, caplog: LogCaptureFixture):
         # Test staging model
         mocker.patch(
             "huggingface_hub.inference._providers._common._fetch_inference_provider_mapping",
-            return_value={"provider-name": mocker.Mock(task="task-name", provider_id="mapped-id", status="staging")},
+            return_value=[
+                mocker.Mock(provider="provider-name", task="task-name", provider_id="mapped-id", status="staging")
+            ],
         )
         assert helper._prepare_mapped_model("test-model") == "mapped-id"
         assert_in_logs(
@@ -103,7 +109,9 @@ def test_prepare_mapped_model(self, mocker, caplog: LogCaptureFixture):
         caplog.clear()
         mocker.patch(
             "huggingface_hub.inference._providers._common._fetch_inference_provider_mapping",
-            return_value={"provider-name": mocker.Mock(task="task-name", provider_id="mapped-id", status="active")},
+            return_value=[
+                mocker.Mock(provider="provider-name", task="task-name", provider_id="mapped-id", status="live")
+            ],
         )
         assert helper._prepare_mapped_model("test-model") == "mapped-id"
         assert len(caplog.records) == 0