Implement median helper

Co-authored-by: Ricardo Vieira <28983449+ricardov94@users.noreply.github.com>

Author: Dhruvanshu-Joshi

pytensor/tensor/math.py

@@ -1566,6 +1566,48 @@ def std(input, axis=None, ddof=0, keepdims=False, corrected=False):
     return ret
 
 
+def median(x: TensorLike, axis=None) -> TensorVariable:
+    """
+    Computes the median along the given axis(es) of a tensor `input`.
+
+    Parameters
+    ----------
+    x: TensorVariable
+        The input tensor.
+    axis: None or int or (list of int) (see `Sum`)
+        Compute the median along this axis of the tensor.
+        None means all axes (like numpy).
+    """
+    from pytensor.ifelse import ifelse
+
+    x = as_tensor_variable(x)
+    x_ndim = x.type.ndim
+    if axis is None:
+        axis = list(range(x_ndim))
+    else:
+        axis = list(normalize_axis_tuple(axis, x_ndim))
+
+    non_axis = [i for i in range(x_ndim) if i not in axis]
+    non_axis_shape = [x.shape[i] for i in non_axis]
+
+    # Put axis at the end and unravel them
+    x_raveled = x.transpose(*non_axis, *axis)
+    if len(axis) > 1:
+        x_raveled = x_raveled.reshape((*non_axis_shape, -1))
+    raveled_size = x_raveled.shape[-1]
+    k = raveled_size // 2
+
+    # Sort the input tensor along the specified axis and pick median value
+    x_sorted = x_raveled.sort(axis=-1)
+    k_values = x_sorted[..., k]
+    km1_values = x_sorted[..., k - 1]
+
+    even_median = (k_values + km1_values) / 2.0
+    odd_median = k_values.astype(even_median.type.dtype)
+    even_k = eq(mod(raveled_size, 2), 0)
+    return ifelse(even_k, even_median, odd_median, name="median")
+
+
 @scalar_elemwise(symbolname="scalar_maximum")
 def maximum(x, y):
     """elemwise maximum. See max for the maximum in one tensor"""
@@ -3015,6 +3057,7 @@ def nan_to_num(x, nan=0.0, posinf=None, neginf=None):
     "sum",
     "prod",
     "mean",
+    "median",
     "var",
     "std",
     "std",

tests/tensor/test_math.py

@@ -93,6 +93,7 @@
     max_and_argmax,
     maximum,
     mean,
+    median,
     min,
     minimum,
     mod,
@@ -3735,3 +3736,33 @@ def test_nan_to_num(nan, posinf, neginf):
         out,
         np.nan_to_num(y, nan=nan, posinf=posinf, neginf=neginf),
     )
+
+
+@pytest.mark.parametrize(
+    "ndim, axis",
+    [
+        (2, None),
+        (2, 1),
+        (2, (0, 1)),
+        (3, None),
+        (3, (1, 2)),
+        (4, (1, 3, 0)),
+    ],
+)
+def test_median(ndim, axis):
+    # Generate random data with both odd and even lengths
+    shape_even = np.arange(1, ndim + 1) * 2
+    shape_odd = shape_even - 1
+
+    data_even = np.random.rand(*shape_even)
+    data_odd = np.random.rand(*shape_odd)
+
+    x = tensor(dtype="float64", shape=(None,) * ndim)
+    f = function([x], median(x, axis=axis))
+    result_odd = f(data_odd)
+    result_even = f(data_even)
+    expected_odd = np.median(data_odd, axis=axis)
+    expected_even = np.median(data_even, axis=axis)
+
+    assert np.allclose(result_odd, expected_odd)
+    assert np.allclose(result_even, expected_even)